During The Seventeenth, Eighteenth And Part Of The Essays

During the Seventeenth, Eighteenth and part of the Nineteenth Century the White people of North America used the Black people of Africa as slaves to benefit their interests. White people created a climate of superiority of their race over the Black African race that in some places, still lingers on today. The American Civil War however, was a key turning point for the Black African race. Through their actions and the political actions of President Lincoln and his administration, Black Africans set a presedent for their freedom, equality and liberation. A very important aspect of Blacks proving themselves was that of the Black Man acting as a soldier in the Civil War. During the Civil War the official decision to use Blacks as soldiers in the Union Army was a slow gradual process and a series of strategic political decisions. The actual use of Blacks as soldiers in the Union Army was completed by a series of actions the Black Man performed that won him the respect of becoming a soldier. The two differ in that it was to President Lincoln's benefit to enlist Blacks as soldiers when he did. Whereas the later was the Black Man's will to fight for his freedom and prove himself as an equal human being. However, because the Black population was barred from entering the army under a 1792 law(4) the Black Man becoming a soldier was not officially recognized until late 1862. "There was strong anti-Black prejudice among most people in the free states, and in the loyal slave states the idea of arming the Black man was anthema"(1). This statement directly reflects the generally held fear White people had about putting Blacks on the fighting line of the armies in the Civil War. Whites felt that the Civil War was a war started upon the White Man's issues and what possible reason would the Black Man have for wanting to fight in this war. On the contrary The Black Man saw The Civil War as an opportunity to win freedom and gain respect(2). Blacks in the North who were free from slavery willingly pledged their service to fight in the Union Army however, their allegiance was denied by President Lincoln on political grounds. Lincoln realized that the issue of Black soldiers would be intolerable by the public and would not be accepted. Initially, the Union Army utilized Northern Blacks from the free states to relieve Whites from daily tasks that were essential to maintain the armies, thus freeing up White soldiers for battle. As the Union Armies began to move further into Confederate territory however, they encountered many runaway slave Blacks. These Blacks were the ones that contributed most to the Union effort. This was true for two reasons. First, there were many more Blacks in the South compared to the North, roughly four million compared to two hundred thousand. Secondly, the Black people in the South had more at stake, once they left the Confederate side to join The Union there was no turning back. Not only would they be deemed as trators but runaways as well and were likely to face death if they where caught.(3) In the beginning, when Union Armies would encounter runaway slaves they would either hold them until their owner retrieved them or they would return these people to the proper Confederate Officials(1). This became a major burden to the Union. Many generals did not want to be regarded as "slave catchers" they realized their duty to be much more. Because of this obstacle many Commanders enlisted the runaway Blacks for their services without the consent of the Lincoln Administration. One instance in particular, a precedent was set that would change the policy of using Blacks in the Union army. Brig. Gen. Benjamin Butler had encountered several runaway slaves. When A Confederate Officer under a flag of truce had come to retrieve the slaves, Butler refused on the grounds that slaves used by the Confederate Army during war was no different than the use of machinery or any other tool to aid in their progress. Therefore, the Slaves would be considered contraband just as any other tool would be(2). Shortly after this precedent was set The Lincoln Administration passed The Confiscation Act which stated that all Blacks encountered in confederate territory were to be taken in and used at the Commanders descretion(1). This proved to be a great help to the Union Army while a huge blow to the Confederates. The Union was gaining manpower in direct proportion to the Confederates loosing it. This alone played a huge factor in the success of the Union Armies. Eventually the confiscation of

Thermal Condutivity essays

Thermal Condutivity essays The objective of experiment #6 is to examine the thermal conductivity of lexan and glass. Ice was used to check for the insulation capacity. Thermal conduction is a term used to represent a form of heat transport due to interactions between ions, atoms, and molecules in a substance but at the same time the ions, atoms, and molecules are not being transferred. Metals are a good example of thermal conductivity because they have free electrons floating around. Heat is the change of kinetic energy which is transferred from one point to another because of the difference in temperature of these points. The unit for heat is joule (J). The formula to calculate the amount of heat conducted through material is: where Q is the heat conducted; A is the area where conduction takes place; T2- T1 is the difference of temperature between the top and bottom parts of the material; t is the total time that takes the conduction to take place; k is the thickness of the material; k is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the specific material. The unit of k is Watt per meter-Kelvin (W/mK). The thermal conductivity of a material is important to civil engineers especially because when they build a building, they have to make sure they prevent heat flow between apartments by using materials for the walls that have small value of k. The apparatus used in experiment 6 was a steam generator. The tank of the steam generator (1 L) should be filled approximately  ¾ full of water and the dial should be set to 8. A slab of a specific material is put between a steam chamber and a block of ice in mold. The steam, coming from the steam generator, enters the chamber. As time passes by, a difference in temperature between the bottom and the top part of the material is reached. The melted ice is collected and measured in order to measure the heat transferred through the sample. The temperature insi ...